You can enable verbose logging using the System.Debug variable for a single run of the pipeline or for every run of the pipeline.

For a single run

There is a system variable (System.Debug) that will add more logging to a Azure Pipelines build. Click on Run New to get started

Click on Variables

Add Variable

Add the name variable System.Debug with value true. Click Create.

Check it's been added correctly and then click the back arrow.

Observe that new variable has been added and then click Run.

For every run

Update the pipeline yaml to have this variable

pool:
  vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'

variables:
  buildConfiguration: 'Release'
  System.Debug: true